Reducing waste in Europe Essay -- Waste Management, Waste Handling

European Union Directive 2008/98/EC outlines hierarchy of steps in which waste handling should occur. It suggests that waste prevention should be a top priority followed by re-use and recycling of materials. However in modern, demand and profit driven society this tactic has very small chance of success, certainly in terms of reducing and reusing. As a result generation of municipal solid waste (MSW) is projected to rise by further 2020 by 16% in EU-27, with 80% produced in the EU-15 (which includes UK) (Skovgaard et al., 2008). This implies that â€Å"The 3 R’s† strategy fails to deliver its key objective – waste reduction. Thus attention should also focus on options that could help to reduce waste accumulation rather than just prevention. One of the most successful strategies to decrease landfill waste is to divert it to Waste to Energy (WtE) facilities. The most popular form of energy recovery from waste, for technical and economical reason, is Waste to Energy Incineration (WtEI). It raises a lot of controversy, mainly because it is associated with technologies from the past, when air pollution controls did not exist. This resulted in significant environmental degradation and heath issues. Understandably, this has left a bad image of incineration. Modern incinerators however emit less than 10% of pollutants than their counterparts 25 years ago (DEFRA, 2013). Technology has the potential to play a significant role as part of waste management strategy but equally important as constituent of balanced energy mix. This essay presents available evidence which sheds new light on Waste to Energy Incineration, highlighting its impact on environment, energy security and human health. In 2011 waste management contributed 17.3 MtCO2e (3.1... ...te Management 29, 1718–1724 Shalunenko, N., I.,Korolyuk, T., A., 2012. Construction glass material based on ash from waste incineration plants. Glass and Ceramics, Vol. 69, Nos. 11 – 12, March, 2013 Skovgaard, M., Hedal, N., Villanueva, A., Andersen, F., M., Larsen, H., 2008. Municipal waste management and greenhouse gases. ETC/RWM working paper 2008/1 Available at: http://scp.eionet.europa.eu/publications/wp2008_1/wp/wp1_2008 Accessed on: 4th December 2013 Tabasovà ¡, A., Kropà ¡c, J., Kermes, V., Nemet, A., Stehlà ­k, P., 2012. Waste-to-energy technologies: Impact on environment. Energy 44, 146-155 UK biomass strategy, 2007. Working Paper 1 – economic analysis of biomass energy. Energy Technologies Unit Department of Trade and Industry. Available at: http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/http://www.dti.gov.uk/files/file39040.pdf Accessed on: 24th November 2013 Reducing waste in Europe Essay -- Waste Management, Waste Handling European Union Directive 2008/98/EC outlines hierarchy of steps in which waste handling should occur. It suggests that waste prevention should be a top priority followed by re-use and recycling of materials. However in modern, demand and profit driven society this tactic has very small chance of success, certainly in terms of reducing and reusing. As a result generation of municipal solid waste (MSW) is projected to rise by further 2020 by 16% in EU-27, with 80% produced in the EU-15 (which includes UK) (Skovgaard et al., 2008). This implies that â€Å"The 3 R’s† strategy fails to deliver its key objective – waste reduction. Thus attention should also focus on options that could help to reduce waste accumulation rather than just prevention. One of the most successful strategies to decrease landfill waste is to divert it to Waste to Energy (WtE) facilities. The most popular form of energy recovery from waste, for technical and economical reason, is Waste to Energy Incineration (WtEI). It raises a lot of controversy, mainly because it is associated with technologies from the past, when air pollution controls did not exist. This resulted in significant environmental degradation and heath issues. Understandably, this has left a bad image of incineration. Modern incinerators however emit less than 10% of pollutants than their counterparts 25 years ago (DEFRA, 2013). Technology has the potential to play a significant role as part of waste management strategy but equally important as constituent of balanced energy mix. This essay presents available evidence which sheds new light on Waste to Energy Incineration, highlighting its impact on environment, energy security and human health. In 2011 waste management contributed 17.3 MtCO2e (3.1... ...te Management 29, 1718–1724 Shalunenko, N., I.,Korolyuk, T., A., 2012. Construction glass material based on ash from waste incineration plants. Glass and Ceramics, Vol. 69, Nos. 11 – 12, March, 2013 Skovgaard, M., Hedal, N., Villanueva, A., Andersen, F., M., Larsen, H., 2008. Municipal waste management and greenhouse gases. ETC/RWM working paper 2008/1 Available at: http://scp.eionet.europa.eu/publications/wp2008_1/wp/wp1_2008 Accessed on: 4th December 2013 Tabasovà ¡, A., Kropà ¡c, J., Kermes, V., Nemet, A., Stehlà ­k, P., 2012. Waste-to-energy technologies: Impact on environment. Energy 44, 146-155 UK biomass strategy, 2007. Working Paper 1 – economic analysis of biomass energy. Energy Technologies Unit Department of Trade and Industry. Available at: http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/http://www.dti.gov.uk/files/file39040.pdf Accessed on: 24th November 2013

Julius Ceasar Expository Essay

-intoduction Brutus and Cassius, is there a diffrence, or are they the same? In the drama Julius Caesar, Caesar is the ruler of Rome. A lot of the Romans do not like Caesar, but they respect him as ruler, except for a a hand full who are planning to kill Caesar. This group of people are called the conspirasors -Comparison Both Brutus and Cassius greatly love Rome and care deeply for the Republic.Cassius`s love of Rome stems more from a love of what his country has to offer him personally, but he is deeply patriotic and genuinely upset that â€Å"these wide walls encompass but one man. † After all, Cassius is describes as Titinius as â€Å"the last of all the Romans. † Both Brutus and Cassius, alternate between a belief in fate and a conviction that they possess free will. Cassius says â€Å"the fault†¦ lies not in our stars but in ourselves that we are underlings. † Later, however, he rejects this claim saying that he no longer â€Å"holds Epicurus strong. Brutus says â€Å"There is a tide in the affairs of men, which, taken at the flood, leads on to victory,† but his encounter with Caesar's ghost makes him doubt this belief. -Differences Brutus is actually friends with Caesar and highly respects him and what he does. Brutus is honorable and is pretty much friends with everyone. Cassius is good at manipulating people, and he is not fond of Caesar. He does not want Caesar to have all the power that he has now. He will do whatever he has to in order to make Caesar to stand down.

Marketing Plan For A Marketing Strategy - 1299 Words

Designing a product, taking it from imagination to creation can be a long painful process with many failures. This process comes with heavy investments of time and capital but still remains only a small portion of the entire dream. It is also important to plan ahead in regards to how this product will meet the main stream consumer. The concept of marketing may seem like a simple process, â€Å"business success using a simple process of understanding and meeting customer needs† (Drummond, Ensor, Ashford, 2014). One tool used in order to ensure product to consumer success is a marketing strategy. A marketing strategy combines all of the marketing goals and business goals in to one comprehensive package (Lake, 2016). The marketing plan explains how to accomplish the marketing strategy by providing the marketing team a detailed guide ensuring productivity and goal oriented decision making. There are a lot of pieces and variables to creating a viable working marketing plan. Marketing professionals are equipped with the tools and knowledge to effectively navigate the real world challenges that come with convincing consumers that their products are needed. Strategic planning process includes conducting a situation analysis, generating a mission statement, objectives, value proposition and strategies (Tanner, Jr. Raymond, 2012). These steps help an organization allocate resources taking various market conditions in to account while still meeting objectives, deliveringShow MoreRelatedMarketing Plan For A Marketing Strategy909 Words   |  4 PagesA marketing plan is crucial to the survival of an organization. Marketing plans need to be well thought out and target a certain market. The market that an organization chooses will demonstrate what direction they want the organization to head in. However, choosing just one market will be problematic to the organization because they will be missing out on other opportunities to grow. 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